http://ganymedes.lib.unideb.hu:8080/udpeer A PEER adattár elektronikus anyagokatt gyűjt, tárol, indexel, őríz, és oszt meg. Sun, 12 Feb 2012 17:37:15 GMT 2012-02-12T17:37:15Z http://ganymedes.lib.unideb.hu:8080/udpeer/handle/2437.2/18910 Cím: Bioavailability of dexmedetomidine after intranasal administration Kivonat: Abstract Purpose The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasal dexmedetomidine compared with its intravenous administration in a small number of healthy volunteers. Methods Single doses of 84 μg of dexmedetomidine were given once intravenously and once intranasally to seven healthy men. Plasma dexmedetomidine concentrations were measured for 10 h, and pharmacokinetic variables were calculated with standard noncompartmental methods. Heart rate, blood pressure, concentrations of adrenaline and noradrenaline in plasma, and central nervous system drug effects (with the Maddox wing, Bispectral Index, and three visual analog scales) were monitored to assess the pharmacological effects of dexmedetomidine. Results Six individuals were included in the analyses. Following intranasal administration, peak plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine were reached in 38 (15–60) min and its absolute bioavailability was 65% (35–93%) (medians and ranges). Pharmacological effects were similar with both routes of administration, but their onset was more rapid after intravenous administration. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine is rather rapidly and efficiently absorbed after intranasal administration. Compared with intravenous administration, intranasal administration may be a feasible alternative in patients requiring light sedation. Fri, 11 Feb 2011 23:00:00 GMT http://ganymedes.lib.unideb.hu:8080/udpeer/handle/2437.2/18910 2011-02-11T23:00:00Z http://ganymedes.lib.unideb.hu:8080/udpeer/handle/2437.2/18909 Cím: Impact of the Lund Integrated Medicines Management (LIMM) model on medication appropriateness and drug-related hospital revisits Kivonat: Abstract Purpose To examine the impact of systematic medication reconciliations upon hospital admission and of a medication review while in hospital on the number of inappropriate medications and unscheduled drug-related hospital revisits in elderly patients. Methods This was a prospective, controlled study in 210 patients, aged 65 years or older, who were admitted to one of three internal medicine wards at a University Hospital in Sweden. Intervention patients received the complete Lund Integrated Medicines Management model (medication reconciliation upon admission and discharge, and medication review and monitoring) provided by a multi-professional team, including a clinical pharmacist. Control patients received standard care and medication reconciliation upon discharge. Blinded reviewers evaluated the appropriateness of the prescribing (using the Medication Appropriateness Index) on admission and discharge, and assessed the probability that a drug-related problem was the reason for any patient readmitted to hospital or visiting the emergency department within 3 months of discharge (using World Health Organisation causality criteria). Results There was a greater decrease in the number of inappropriate drugs in the intervention group than in the control group for both the intention-to-treat population {51% [95% confidence interval (CI) 43–58%] vs. 39% (95% CI 30–48%); p = 0.0446} and the per-protocol population [60% (95% CI 51–67%) vs. 44% (95% CI 34–52%); p = 0.0106)]. There were six revisits to hospital in the intervention group which were judged as ‘possibly, probably or certainly drug-related’, compared with 12 in the control group (p = 0.0469). Conclusions In this study, medication reconciliation and review provided by a clinical pharmacist in a multi-professional team significantly reduced the number of inappropriate drugs and unscheduled drug-related hospital revisits among elderly patients. Fri, 11 Feb 2011 23:00:00 GMT http://ganymedes.lib.unideb.hu:8080/udpeer/handle/2437.2/18909 2011-02-11T23:00:00Z http://ganymedes.lib.unideb.hu:8080/udpeer/handle/2437.2/18908 Cím: Slowness and azimuth determination for Bucovina array (BURAR) applying multiple signal techniques Kivonat: Abstract The BURAR seismic array, located in Northern Romania (Bucovina region), is designed to monitor events located in an area poorly covered by other existing seismic stations. In order to use the BURAR array for single-station locations, it is crucial to calibrate the azimuth and slowness parameters, which are currently used in array techniques to locate earthquakes, blasts or nuclear explosions. The goal of this study is to apply “f–k” and plane wave fit techniques in order to constrain the slowness and azimuth parameters at BURAR for teleseismic, regional and local events. The analysis was carried out using P and S waves recorded for events occurred between 2004 and 2008 within a radius of 50° around BURAR. The azimuth values obtained applying both methods strongly deviated from the theoretical values for regions like Central Turkey, Bulgaria, Dodecanese Islands and other parts of Greece, while the ray parameter deviations with respect to a 1-D IASP91 reference model are less significant. For the local events, the anomalies are smaller, except the particular case of Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquakes for which strong azimuth deviations (33.5°), both positive and negative, are observed. We investigate how these systematic deviations in azimuth are explained by the structure lateral heterogeneities which characterize the study region. Fri, 11 Feb 2011 23:00:00 GMT http://ganymedes.lib.unideb.hu:8080/udpeer/handle/2437.2/18908 2011-02-11T23:00:00Z http://ganymedes.lib.unideb.hu:8080/udpeer/handle/2437.2/18907 Cím: Fine-scale genetic structure suggests low levels of short-range gene flow in a wolf population of the Italian Apennines Kivonat: Abstract We investigated local gene flow in a high-density wolf (Canis lupus) population of the Italian Apennines, where no effective barrier to wolf dispersal was present. From 1998 to 2004 we examined wolf carcasses and non-invasively collected samples, focusing on three mountain districts, separated by two valleys, where wolf packs showed high spatial stability. Using nine autosomal microsatellites we successfully genotyped 177 samples, achieving the identification of 74 wolves. Genetic relatedness steeply decreased with increasing distance between sampling areas, thus suggesting that short-distance interpack migration is infrequent in this population. In addition, no individual from a central pack under intensive monitoring was sampled in the range of the surrounding packs over a 4-year period. The limited short-distance gene flow resulted in a cryptic genetic structure, which was revealed by Bayesian analysis. A different genetic cluster was found in each of the three mountain areas, and a small proportion of first-generation immigrants was detected. Overall, the present study suggests that local genetic differentiation in Italian wolves might arise from high spatial stability of packs and can be favoured by a combination of long-range dispersal, the attitude to mate between unrelated individuals and a high young mortality rate. Fri, 11 Feb 2011 23:00:00 GMT http://ganymedes.lib.unideb.hu:8080/udpeer/handle/2437.2/18907 2011-02-11T23:00:00Z